A. Purpose
1.
The purpose of the Audit Committee of the Board of
Directors of the Company is to assist the Board of Directors'
oversight of the Company's accounting and financial reporting
processes and the audits of the Company's financial statements.
2.
The Company is currently traded on the Nasdaq SmallCap
Market and is a Small Business Issuer with respect to its
filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Accordingly, the Company may not be required to meet
all of the provisions set froth in this Audit Committee
Charter. Unless otherwise
determined by the Company's Board of Directors, however,
the Audit Committee shall comply with all of the provisions
set forth in this Audit Committee Charter.
The Company shall comply with the comparable Regulation
S-B provision where a Regulation S-K provision is referenced.
If there is no comparable Regulation S-B provision,
the Company need not comply.
B. Structure
and Membership
1.
Number. Except as
otherwise permitted by the applicable rules of NASDAQ, the
Audit Committee shall consist of at least three members
of the Board of Directors.
2.
Independence. Except as otherwise permitted by the applicable
NASDAQ rules, each member of the Audit Committee shall be
independent as defined by NASDAQ rules, meet the criteria
for independence set forth in Rule 10A‑3(b)(1)
under the Exchange Act (subject to the exemptions provided
in Rule 10A‑3(c)), and not have participated
in the preparation of the financial statements of the Company
or any current subsidiary of the Company at any time during
the past three years.
3.
Financial Literacy. Each member of the Audit Committee must be able
to read and understand fundamental financial statements,
including the Company's balance sheet, income statement,
and cash flow statement, at the time of his or her appointment
to the Audit Committee. In addition, at least one member must have past
employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite
professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable
experience or background which results in the individual's
financial sophistication, including being or having been
a chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other
senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of
Directors (in which case disclosure of such determination
shall be made in the Company's annual report filed with
the SEC), at least one member of the Audit Committee shall
be an "audit committee financial expert" (as defined by
applicable SEC rules).
4.
Chair. Unless the
Board of Directors elects a Chair of the Audit Committee,
the Audit Committee shall elect a Chair by majority vote.
5.
Compensation. The compensation of Audit Committee members
shall be as determined by the Board of Directors. No member of the Audit Committee may receive,
directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other
compensatory fee from the Company or any of its subsidiaries,
other than fees paid in his or her capacity as a member
of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board.
6.
Selection and Removal. Members of the Audit Committee shall be appointed
by the Board of Directors, upon the recommendation of the
Nominating Committee. The
Board of Directors may remove members of the Audit Committee
from such committee, with or without cause.
C. Authority and Responsibilities
General
The Audit Committee shall discharge
its responsibilities, and shall assess the information provided
by the Company's management and the independent auditor,
in accordance with its business judgment.
Management is responsible for the preparation, presentation,
and integrity of the Company's financial statements and
for the appropriateness of the accounting principles and
reporting policies that are used by the Company. The independent auditors are responsible for
auditing the Company's financial statements and for reviewing
the Company's unaudited interim financial statements.
The authority and responsibilities set forth in this
Charter do not reflect or create any duty or obligation
of the Audit Committee to plan or conduct any audit, to
determine or certify that the Company's financial statements
are complete, accurate, fairly presented, or in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles or applicable
law, or to guarantee the independent auditor's report.
Oversight of Independent Auditors
1.
Selection. The
Audit Committee shall be solely and directly responsible
for appointing, evaluating, retaining and, when necessary,
terminating the engagement of the independent auditor.
The Audit Committee may, in its discretion, seek
stockholder ratification of the independent auditor it appoints.
2.
Independence. The Audit Committee shall take, or recommend
that the full Board of Directors take, appropriate action
to oversee the independence of the independent auditor.
In connection with this responsibility, the Audit
Committee shall obtain and review a formal written statement
from the independent auditor describing all relationships
between the auditor and the Company, including the disclosures
required by Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1. The Audit Committee shall actively engage in
dialogue with the auditor concerning any disclosed relationships
or services that might impact the objectivity and independence
of the auditor, and confirm the regular rotation of the
lead audit partner and reviewing partner as required by
Section 203 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and all applicable
rules and regulations of the SEC.
3.
Compensation. The Audit Committee shall have sole and direct
responsibility for setting the compensation of the independent
auditor. The Audit
Committee is empowered, without further action by the Board
of Directors, to cause the Company to pay the compensation
of the independent auditor established by the Audit Committee.
4.
Preapproval of Services. The Audit Committee shall preapprove all audit
services to be provided to the Company, whether provided
by the principal auditor or other firms, and all other services
(review, attest and non-audit) to be provided to the Company
by the independent auditor; provided, however, that de minimis
non-audit services may instead be approved in accordance
with applicable SEC rules.
5.
Oversight. The
independent auditor shall report directly to the Audit Committee,
and the Audit Committee shall have sole and direct responsibility
for overseeing the work of the independent auditor, including
resolution of disagreements between Company management and
the independent auditor regarding financial reporting. In connection with its oversight role, the Audit
Committee shall, from time to time as appropriate, receive
and consider the reports required to be made by the independent
auditor regarding:
Audited Financial Statements
6.
Review and Discussion. The Audit Committee shall review and discuss
with the Company's management and independent auditor the
Company's audited financial statements, including the matters
about which Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61 (Codification
of Statements on Auditing Standards, AU §380) requires discussion.
7.
Recommendation to Board Regarding Financial Statements. The Audit Committee shall consider
whether it will recommend to the Board of Directors that
the Company's audited financial statements be included in
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
8.
Audit Committee Report. The Audit Committee shall prepare an annual
committee report for inclusion where necessary in the proxy
statement of the Company relating to its annual meeting
of security holders.
Review of Other Financial Disclosures
9.
Independent Auditor Review of Interim Financial Statements. The Audit Committee shall direct
the independent auditor to perform all reviews of interim
financial information prior to disclosure by the Company
of such information and to discuss promptly with the Audit
Committee and the Chief Financial Officer any matters identified
in connection with the auditor's review of interim financial
information which are required to be discussed by applicable
auditing standards. The
Audit Committee shall direct management to advise the Audit
Committee in the event that the Company proposes to disclose
interim financial information prior to completion of the
independent auditor's review of interim financial information.
Controls and Procedures
10.
Oversight. The
Audit Committee shall coordinate the Board of Directors'
oversight of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting, disclosure controls and procedures and code of
conduct. The Audit
Committee shall receive and review the reports of the principal
executive officer and principal financial officer required
by Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act.
The Audit Committee shall periodically review the
complaint procedures to confirm that they are effectively
operating.
11.
Procedures for Complaints. The Audit Committee shall itself establish procedures
for, (i) the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints
received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting
controls or auditing matters; and (ii) the confidential,
anonymous submission by employees of the Company of concerns
regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.
12.
Related-Party Transactions. The Audit Committee shall review all "related
party transactions" (defined as transactions required to
be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K) on
an ongoing basis, and all such transactions must be approved
by the Audit Committee.
13.
Officers' Expense Accounts. The Audit Committee shall review with management
the policies and procedures with respect to officer expense
accounts and perquisites, including their use of corporate
assets.
14.
Risks and Exposures. The Audit Committee shall inquire of management
and the independent auditors about significant risks or
exposures facing the Company, assess the steps management
has taken or proposes to take to minimize such risks to
the Company and periodically review compliance with such
steps.
15.
Legal and Regulatory Matters. The Audit Committee shall review with the general
counsel or outside counsel, legal and regulatory matters
that, in the opinion of management, may have a material
impact on the financial statements, related compliance policies,
and programs and reports received from regulators.
16.
Code of Conduct. The Audit Committee shall periodically review
the Company's code of conduct to ensure that it is adequate
and up-to-date and review with the Company's general counsel
or outside counsel, the results of their review of the monitoring
of compliance with the Company's code of conduct.
17.
Additional Powers. The Audit Committee shall have such other duties
as may be assigned by law, the Company's by-laws or as may
be delegated from time to time by the Board of Directors.
D.
Procedures and Administration
1.
Meetings. The
Audit Committee shall meet at least twice each year and
at each time the Company proposes to issue quarterly or
annual earnings results and otherwise as often as it deems
necessary in order to perform its responsibilities. The Audit Committee may also act by unanimous
written consent in lieu of a meeting.
The Audit Committee shall periodically meet separately
with: (i) the independent auditor; (ii) the Company management,
including inquiry with the CEO and CFO regarding the "quality
of earnings" of the Company from a subjective as well as
an objective standpoint; (iii) the Company's internal auditors,
if any and (iv) general or outside counsel. The Audit Committee shall keep such records
of its meetings as it shall deem appropriate.
2.
Subcommittees. The Audit Committee may form and delegate authority
to one or more subcommittees (including a subcommittee consisting
of a single member), as it deems appropriate from time to
time under the circumstances.
Any decision of a subcommittee to preapprove audit,
review, attest or non-audit services shall be presented
to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.
3.
Reports to Board. The Audit Committee shall report regularly to
the Board of Directors.
4.
Charter. At
least annually, the Audit Committee shall review and reassess
the adequacy of this Charter and recommend any proposed
changes to the Board of Directors for approval, including
any changes necessary as a result of new laws or regulations.
5.
Independent Advisors. The Audit Committee is authorized, without further
action by the Board of Directors, to engage such independent
legal, accounting, auditors other than the principal auditors
and other advisors as it deems necessary or appropriate
to carry out its responsibilities. Such independent advisors may be the regular
advisors to the Company.
The Audit Committee is empowered, without further
action by the Board of Directors, to cause the Company to
pay the compensation of such advisors as established by
the Audit Committee.
6.
Investigations. The Audit Committee shall have the authority
to conduct or authorize investigations into any matters
within the scope of its responsibilities as it shall deem
appropriate, including the authority to request any officer,
employee or advisor of the Company to meet with the Audit
Committee or any advisors engaged by the Audit Committee.
7.
Funding. The
Audit Committee is empowered, without further action by
the Board of Directors, to cause the Company to pay the
ordinary administrative expenses of the Audit Committee
that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.
8.
Self Assessment. The Audit Committee shall, at least annually,
conduct a self assessment to review the Committee's effectiveness,
including creation of an agenda for the ensuing year.